离心泵是指靠叶轮旋转时产生码袜梁的离心力来输送液体的泵，主要由叶轮，泵体，泵轴，轴承，密封好睁环和填料函等构成。它的主要特点包括：结构紧凑，流量扬程范围宽，流量迟运均匀、运转平稳、振动小和设备安装、维护检修费用较低等。
化工泵是专门用于输送各种化学品的泵，其主要特点是能够承受腐蚀性强、易燃易爆、高温高压等特殊介质。常用的化工泵有离心泵、潜水泵、隔膜泵、螺杆泵等。化工泵的技术标准主要包括唯差以下方面：
泵的材质：根据介质的性质和友山散温度、压力等要求，选择相应的泵体、叶轮、密封件等材料。
泵的流量和扬程：根据工艺要求和管道参数，确定泵的流量和扬程。
泵的结构形式：根据介质的性质和输送要求，选择不同的泵结构形式，如单级、多级、内齿轮、外齿轮等。
泵的密封形式：根据介质的性质和工艺要求，选择合适的密封形式，如机械密封、填料密封、磁力密封等。
泵的安装和维护：根据泵的特殊性质和工艺要求，进行专门的安装和维护，如避免泵腐蚀、防止泵运行过程好氏中产生静电等。
轻小型离心泵为轴向吸入单级单吸悬架式离心泵，泵体后开门旅银伍，出口位于中拆或间向上，后盖为压嵌式，轴承体与泵体直接联接，泵脚位于泵体下方，轴承用黄油润滑，轴封分为软填料、机械密封、橡胶油封三种。叶轮均为闭式，传动分为联轴器传动和皮带传搏拍动两种。泵叶轮转向：从泵进口方向看，叶轮转向为顺时针，当泵与柴油机直联传动时，为逆时针。泵出口可装置手动泵，可去掉底阀，减少水力损失，并能使泵自吸。
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5.2.3在运转过程中,发现有不正常的杂音或其他故障时,应立即停车检查,待排除故障后才能继续运转.
Stop and check immediately if there are some abnormal noise or other malfunction. Go on running until debugging these malfunctions.
5.2.4决不允许用吸入管路上的闸阀来调节流量,以免产生汽蚀.
Don't use the brake valves to adjust the flow avoiding of vapor erosion.
5.2.5泵一般不宜在低于30%设计流量下长期运转,如果必须在该条件下使用时,应在出口管路上安装旁通管,使泵的流量达到规定使用范围.
In general, the pump can't run for long time under the designed flow 30%. If necessary, a side pipe should be set on the discharge pipe to share little flow to make the flow of pump in requirement.
5.3停车Shutdown
5.3.1慢慢关闭压出管路闸阀,停止电机.
Shut off the brake valves on the discharge pipe slowly, and then stop the motor. 5.3.2慢慢关闭压出口压力(真空)计,灌注情况还要关闭吸入管路闸阀.如果密封采用外部引液时,还要关闭早燃外引液阀门
Shut down the pressure gauges.
5.3.3如环境温度低于液体凝固点时,要放净泵内的液体,以防冻裂.
Remove the liquid in the pump if the environmental temperature is below the solidify point of the liquid.
5.3.4长时间停止使用的泵,除将泵内的腐蚀性液体放净外,还要用清水冲洗干净,尤其是密封室要认真冲洗干净,最好是将泵拆下清洗后重新装好,并将泵的进出口封闭后妥善保管.
The corrosive medium in the pump must be removed and washed with water
when the pump is out of working for a long time, especially in the seal room. At best, disassemble the pump, wash and assemble it again.
6. 使用机械密封注意事项陆坦虚Notes in using mechanical seal
本系列泵可根据使用条件的不同,安装不同形式的机械密封,如内装式单端面平衡型和非平衡型,双端面平衡型几非平衡型,外装式机械密封等等.因此根据所选用密封形式的不同,其使用方法和注意事项也有所不同,具体情况应按照《机械密封安装使用信燃说明书》中的规定去处理，下面仅提供几点一般应注意的事项。
This series pump can apply with various mechanical seals according to various conditions. Such as interior single face balancing and unbalancing type, double face balancing and unbalancing type, exterior mechanical seal and etc. So the usage and notes of mechanical seals are different. Refer to the user's guide of mechanical seal. General announcements are following:
6.1一般机械密封适用与清洁的、无悬浮颗粒的介质中，因此，对新安装的管路系统和储液罐，应认真冲洗干净，严防固体杂质进入机械密封端面而使密封失效。
General mechanical seal is used for medium, which is clear, and no
suspension. So the new pipelines and tanks should be washed cleanly avoiding solid impurity into the seal face.
6.2在易结晶的介质中，使用机械密封时，要注意经常冲洗，停车后重新起动前，要将机械密封上的结晶清洗干净。
The mechanical seal should be usually washed when using crystallizable medium. Before start-up again, the crystal on the seal should be removed.
6.3拆卸机械密封应仔细，不许动用手锤，铁器等敲击，以免破坏、静环密封面。
Tear down the mechanical seal carefully.
6.4如果有污垢拆不下来时，不要勉强去拆，应设法清除污垢，冲洗干净后，在进行拆洗，以免损坏密封元件。
Remove the fouling first and then tear down the mechanical seal to prevent damaging units.
6.5安装机械密封前，应检查所有密封元件是否有失效和损坏的，如有则应重新修复或更换新元件。
Check all of units whether they are disabled or damaged before fitting the mechanical seal.
6.6应严格检查动环与静环的对磨密封端面，不允许有任何细微的划伤，碰破等缺陷。所有零部件，包括泵体、叶轮、密封腔等在装配前均应冲洗干净，尤其是动、静环端面，要用清洁柔软的布或棉纱认真试擦干净，然后涂上一层清洁的油脂或机油。
Check the dynamic and static seals' face strictly. All of the parts, including
casing, impeller, seals room, must be washed. Especially dynamic and static seals must be wiped with clean and soft cloth or cotton yarn and then dab a layer of lube at the face of seals.
6.7装配中要注意消除偏差,紧固螺钉时,要均匀把紧,避免发生偏斜,使密封失 效。
Bridge the deviation in assembling. Tighten the screw well-distributed avoiding the deviation.
6.8正确调整弹簧的压缩量,使其不致太紧或太松.太紧密封端面很快磨损而失效,而且消耗功率大;太松,则密封不起作用,泄漏量过大。所以，泵安装后，以手扳动转子时，应感觉到密封弹簧有了一定的压缩量，而又能轻快，灵活地转动没有咬紧的感觉，如感觉太紧或盘不动，则应适当调松一些。
Adjust the spring's compress correctly. When the pump is counted, turn the rotor and feel the rotor running nimbly without obstruction.
6.9对有外部冲洗的机械密封，起动前应先开启冲洗液使密封腔内充满密封液。停车时，先停泵，后关密封冲洗液。
To those mechanical seals with the external washing, the seal room must be filled full before staring up. When shut off, first shut off the pump and then stop the seal liquid.
7. 可能发生的故障、原因及消除方法Troubles, causes and solution
TROUBLESHOOTING TABLE
故障现象
发生振动及杂音 轴封腔泄露过多 Vibration or Noise Shaft seal leakage
消耗功率过大 Bigger power exhausted 轴封发热
Shaft seal heating 流量、扬程不足 Head or flow lacking 泵过分发热或转不动 Pump overheating
泵输不出液体 Can't pump liquid 轴承发热及容易损坏 Shaft overheating 故障的可能因素 POSSIBLE CAUSE
消除方法
SOLUTION 泵内或吸入管内留有空气There is air in pump or suction pipe ○○○重新灌液、排除空气 Refill liquid and remove air
吸入扬程过高或灌注不足 Suction head higher or filling lacking ○○○降低泵位、增加进口处压力
Lowers pump's position, increase pressure of suction pipe 吸入管路过小或有杂物阻塞The bore of suction is too small or the tube stopped up by impurity. ○○○加大吸入管径、清除堵塞物Increase the bore of suction tube and remove the impurity in the
pipe.
吸入管浸入深度不够或漏气The immerse depth of suction pipe is lacking or leakage. ○○增大浸入深度或检修管路Increase the depth or servicing the pipe.
转速过高或过低 Rotation speed is bigger or small. ○○○检查电机转速
Check the motor.
泵转向不对 The rotation direction is wrong. ○○从电机看应为顺时针方向
It must be clockwise seeing from
motor.
装置扬程与泵扬程不符 The head of unit doesn't correspond of pump.
○○○
设法降低吐出系统阻力或高度 Reduce the resistance or height of the discharge pipe.
介质重度与粘度与泵要求不符The special gravity and viscosity of media don't comply with the required of pump.
○○○
重新核算或更换合适功率电机Replace a motor of suitable power.
在流量过小处运转发生振动Vibration at the smaller flow. ○○
○○
加大流量或设旁通循环管Increase the flow or set a side-pipe on the pipe. 泵与电机轴线不一致或轴弯曲The axes of pump and motor are not coincidental or the shaft is bent.
○○○○○
重新调整对中
Adjust the axes again.
转动部分与固定部分有磨擦
Friction between the rotating parts and the fixed parts.
○○○○
检修泵或改变使用工况
Overhaul the pump or alter the using condition. 轴承磨损严重或损坏The
bearing wears down seriously or damaged.
○○○○
更换新的
Replace with new one. 密封环磨损过多
Sealing washer wears down seriously.
○○
更换新的
Replace with new one.
轴套填料或动、静环磨损过多Filler of shaft sleeve or dynamic, static sealing rings wear down seriously.
○○○○
更换新的
Replace with new one.
填料或机械密封选用或安装不当
The filler or mechanical seal are wrong choices.
○○○○
按使用要求重配或安装Reassemble according to the demand.
转动部分失去平衡引起振动The rotation parts unbalance in result of vibration.
○○○○○
检查原因设法消除 Check and solve it.
悬架体油室油量过多或油过脏The oil is more or too dirty. ○○○
按油位计加油或更换新油Fill oil or change with new oil. 管路或泵内有杂物堵塞There are impurities in pipe or pump.
○○
○
认真检查及排污
Check and emission the impurities.
双端面密封液压力不当 The pressure is wrong.
○○
压力应比轴封前大0.5~1.5Kgf/cm2
The pressure of sealing liquid must be higher than that before sealing. 0.5~1.5Kgf/cm2 填料压盖过紧或过松
The filling cover is too tight or loose.
○○○
Adjust it properly.
8.成套供应范围及随机资料
Supplying scope and documents with the equipment
8.1 成套供应范围 Supplying scope Pump 泵 1 Motor 电机 1
Base 底座 1 Coupling and its cover联轴器和联轴器罩 1 8.2 随机供应资料:Documents with the equipment
安装说明书Product introduction paper 1 产品合格证Certificate of quality 1 产品装箱单Shipping documents 1 8.3 备件Spare parts
泵的备件主要有叶轮、密封环、轴套等，具体按合同供应。
Including of impeller, seal rings, shaft sleeves and etc. Carry out according to the contract for details.
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